This has not always been the case. In the famous paleontological cave painting, blue does not exist. The ancient world is also not very passionate about the colour blue, not even recognizing it as such. Only white, red and black have the status of a “colour”. Interesting exception to the rule: The ancient Egypt. Blue there is the talisman for the hereafter. The blue-green burial objects of pharaohs bear impressive witness of that belief. In ancient Roman times blue stands for the colour of barbarians. When roman languages developed their expressions for different colours, they borrowed the expressions from Germanic and Arabian languages. So was the German “blau” at the origin of the French “bleu” and the Arabic “azraq” for the Italian “azzurro”.
The upswing of blue started in the Middle Ages. Heaven is painted in blue. Before, painters used to paint in red, black, white or gold. Now the trend is strengthened by the growing cult of the Virgin Mary. She resides in heaven which is painted in blue colour now. The growing individualization, which is so characteristic for our western culture, did the rest. The previous basic colours white, red and black can not be combined individually enough to create a sufficient choice for individual preferences. Subsequently, the colour spectrum is extended to six basic colours. Not only blue, but also green and yellow benefit from it.
When back in 1130 the first gothic cathedral was built in French Saint-Denis, the abbot of that time wanted to see windows being integrated into the facades to let the light in. And he counted on blue. From Saint-Denis, the colour took its way from cities like Le Mans and Vendôme to Chartres (creating the word-famous “Chartres-Blue”). The French kings of the Middle Ages made blue their colour and thereby ennobled it even further.
The demand for blue fueled the economic development. Especially the woad, from which indigo was gained, fostered economic development in regions such as Thuringia, Tuscany or Picardy. Raftsmen from Black Forest exported cobalt to the Netherlands, where it was used for porcelain production (“Delft Blue”).